Inventor Of The Internet

inventor of the Internet

 
In August 1962, JCR Licklider of MIT (Massachuet Institute of Technology) proposed a concept that social interaction can be enabled through a computer network. This concept is known as a working system galatic network. Licklider has a vise a global network of interconnected computers where anyone can access the data and programs right from any place. The spirit of the concept is in accordance with the concept of the Internet today. Lincklider was the first head of the computer research program at DARPA project, which began in October 1962. During DARPA, Licklider worked with Ivan Sutherland. Bob Taylor and Lawrence G. Leonard Roberts Kletirock at MIT publishes his writings titled "The first paper on packet switching theory" in July 1961 and "The first book on the subject" 1964. Kleinrock Roberts agrees with the theoretical feasibility of communications using packets systems rather than just using an electronic circuit. This theory is the forerunner of the computer network.

Another important step is to make the computer can communicate with each other simultaneously. To prove this, in 1965 Roberts bekeja with Thomas Merrill, connected the TX-2 computer in Mass. to the Q-32 in California with a dial-up line with a low speed. This is the first extensive computer network and made for the first time on a small scale. The results of these experiments demonstrate that the use of time in the machines can work well, run the program, take or edit the data as was done on a machine with a remote control.

In 1966 Roberts went to DARPA to develop the computer network concept and published in 1967. At the same time, Donald Davies and Roger Scantlebury of NPL write papers related to the concept of packets on a computer network. Based on the past, a group of researchers from MIT are working on in 1961-1967. RAND working group of the year 1962-1965 and the NPL work in 1964-1967. Said the package has been adopted from the work at NPL and the proposed use in a data communication channel ARPANET. So the data communication in the project was changed from 22 kbps to 50 kbps.

In August 1968, after Roberts and the DARPA project funders revise the structure and specifications for the ARPANET. DARPA developed one of the key components of data packets called interface message processor (IMP). Network topology and economics designed and optimized by Roberts working with Howard Frank and the team at Network Analysis Corporation. Network measurement system by Kleinrock in UNCLA pempinan team.

Since the development of the theory was originally done by Kleinrock's data packet, then the Network meassurement Center built in UNCLA Kleinrock was selected as the first note ARPANET project. This happened at the beginning of September 1969 in which the first host computer was connected first. As the second node of the project Dough Englebart been working on augmentation of human intellect in the Stanford Research Insttitute (SRI). SRI supported the Network Information Center as pemiliharaan tables mapping hostnames addresses according to RFC's directory
A month later, when SRI was connected to ARPANET, the first host to host message was sent from Kleinrock's laboratory to SRI. Two more nodes were added at UC Santa Barbara, University of Utah. At the end of 1969, four host computers were bergambung together into the initial ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), the forerunner of the Internet was born.

ARPANET network connecting the U.S. Defense Department research center with research centers at universities in the U.S.. In the development of many other government institutions such as libraries and business groups to join this network. ARPANET was designed to deal with the possibility of a nuclear attack. If the enemy attacked one point on the Internet, the system is designed, in such a way that the network will not be paralyzed. This is made possible because the system uses alternative routes that do not have internet connection in the network center.

Due to the absence of centralized Internet network can be developed very quickly. Anyone can join by adding the number of computers in the local network and the Internet. In December 1970. Network Working Group (NWG) completed the protocol that is often called the ARPANET Network Control Protocol (NCP). ARPANET sites completed implementing NCP during the period 1971-1972, the network users finally be able to develop applications. In 1971 there were about 15 nodes (23 hosts) that exist in the ARPANET was created to communicate the message. Message through the network is called the e-mail, which until now used in communication. In October 1972. Kahn organized a large, very successful demonstration of the ARPANET at the International Computer Communication Conference (ICCC). This is the first time introduced to the public. In this demo introduced instilah e-mail (electronic mail). In March, Roy Tomlinson of BBN wrote the first e-mail message. This is motivated by the need ARPANET be an easy coordination mechanism. In July, Roberts expanded its utility by making the e-mail first utility to list, selectively read the file, forward (forward) and respond to messages. From there e-mail is the most widely used applications in computer networking for be some decades. In 1973, international relations conducted the first ARPANET University College of London in Inggrus the Royal Radar Establishment (Norway). At the time it was designed to be a base for the ethernet local area network (local area network). In addition it is designed gateway connecting networks arsitektirnya different file transfer protocol and the introduction of the computer as a means to send and receive data.

In 1974, TCP is more often used as the basis for communication on the Internet. And at the same time discovered telnet, which is the commercial version of the ARPANET. In 1976 the use of the network on the internet more and more. AT & T Bell Laboratories develops UUCP (Unix to Unix Copy) distributed with the Unix operating system. At that time still a Unix operating system at universities and research bodies. The following year, the number of hosts that access the internet to grow even through the number 100. At that time THEORYNET provide an e-mail to more than 100 researchers in the field of computers and use the Internet through the gateway protocol.

Approximately 1979 sites multiuser interactive start to be made and many other facilities are found in the facility and add. Among other things, newsgroups, www and many more. In the early 1980s, the ARPANET was split into two networks, the ARPANET and Milnet (a military network). But both have a background network connection so that communication can still be made. At first, the interconnection network is called the DARPA itnernet, tapai eventually called ITerNet only. In 1986 was born the National Science Foundation Network with 5 super computer center. The network was then developed to connect various other academic network consisting of universities and research consortiums, NSFNET began to replace the ARPANET as the main research network in the U.S. In March 1990 the ARPANET was officially disbanded. At the NSFNET was built, many established international network and connected to the NSFNET. Australia, Scandinavian countries, Britain, France, Germany, Canada and Japan quickly joined. At this time the Internet is made up of more than 15,000 networks around the world (70 countries in 7 continents). About 25 million people are able to send messages via the Internet and other networks connected to it. Its use is not purely for research, but mecakup social events, commercial (via network between commercial called CIX) and other cultures. Today most people refer to the Internet as the physical structure of the network, which is composed of client and server computer and the phone line that connects everything. Several kinds of services have been developed over the years for use as a facility of information among an assortment of sites on the internet.

In early 1991, the modernization of the Internet began. Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX) was formed after NSF lifting limits the commercial use of the network. In this case a mechanism to index and access information on the Internet more and more expanded. Internet development will be expanded, for example: e-mail message, text, computer code, images, graphics, sound files, databases and other applications. Technical capability for better data search is also implemented, which is the keyword search. The advent of the World Wide Web (WWW) to add variation in the application of the Internet as well as more major ones, because the WWW multimedia aspects get in and easier to access.